Kuwumbono ovamile ukuthi amathebulethi agibele emotweni aqinile anokuxhumana okunwetshiwe asetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuqaphela imisebenzi ethile ethile. Uqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi amaphilisi anezindawo zokusebenzelana ezihambisanayo namadivayisi axhunyiwe futhi ahlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zohlelo seluyinto ekhathaza abathengi. Lesi sihloko sizokwethula ukuxhumana okujwayelekile okujwayelekile okunwetshiwe kwethebulethi egibele emotweni emagebhugebhu ukuze ikusize uqonde kangcono izici zayo futhi ukhethe isixazululo esifanele kakhulu.
·I-CANBus
I-CANBus interface iwukuxhumana okusekelwe kubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi yendawo yesilawuli, esetshenziselwa ukuxhuma iyunithi yokulawula kagesi ehlukahlukene (ECU) ezimotweni futhi ibone ukushintshana kwedatha nokuxhumana phakathi kwazo.
Ngesixhumi esibonakalayo se-CANBus, ithebhulethi egibele emotweni ingaxhunywa kunethiwekhi yemoto ye-CAN ukuze kutholwe ulwazi lwesimo semoto (njengesivinini semoto, isivinini senjini, ukuma kwe-throttle, njll.) futhi inikeze abashayeli ngesikhathi sangempela. Ithebhulethi efakwe emotweni ingaphinda ithumele iziyalezo zokulawula kusistimu yemoto ngokusebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo se-CANBus ukuze ibone imisebenzi yokulawula ehlakaniphile, efana nokupaka okuzenzakalelayo nesilawuli kude. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngaphambi kokuxhuma ukuxhumana kwe-CANBus, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana phakathi kwesixhumi esibonakalayo nenethiwekhi yemoto ye-CAN ukugwema ukwehluleka kokuxhumana noma ukulahleka kwedatha.
· J1939
I-J1939 interface iyiphrothokholi yezinga eliphezulu esekelwe ku-Controller Area Network, esetshenziswa kabanzi ekuxhumaneni kwedatha ye-serial phakathi kwe-electronic control unit (ECU) ezimotweni ezinzima. Le protocol inikeza isikhombimsebenzisi esimisiwe sokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi yezimoto ezinzima, okuwusizo ekusebenzisaneni phakathi kwe-ECU yabakhiqizi abahlukene. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-multiplexing, uxhumano lwenethiwekhi olunesivinini esiphezulu olusekelwe ebhasini le-CAN lunikezwa inzwa ngayinye, i-actuator nesilawuli semoto, futhi ukwabelana ngedatha okunesivinini esiphezulu kuyatholakala. Sekela amapharamitha achazwe umsebenzisi kanye nemiyalezo, elungele ukuthuthukiswa nokwenza ngokwezifiso ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile ezihlukile.
· OBD-II
I-OBD-II (On-Board Diagnostics II) interface iyisixhumi esibonakalayo esijwayelekile sohlelo lokuxilonga olusebhodini lwesizukulwane sesibili, oluvumela amathuluzi angaphandle (njengamathuluzi okuxilonga) ukuthi axhumane nohlelo lwekhompiyutha yemoto ngendlela esezingeni, ukuze ukuqapha kanye nokubuyisela esimweni sokusebenza kanye nolwazi lwamaphutha emoto, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile lwereferensi kubanikazi bezimoto kanye nabasebenzi abalungisa izimoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isixhumi esibonakalayo se-OBD-II singasetshenziswa futhi ukuhlola isimo sokusebenza kwezimoto, okuhlanganisa ukonga uphethiloli, ukukhishwa kwegesi, njll., ukusiza abanikazi banakekele izimoto zabo.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ithuluzi lokuskena le-OBD-II ukuthola isimo semoto, kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi injini yemoto ayiqalwanga. Bese ufaka ipulaki yethuluzi lokuskena kusixhumi esibonakalayo se-OBD-II esitholakala engxenyeni engezansi yekhebhu yemoto, bese uqala ithuluzi lokuxilonga.
· Okokufaka kwe-analogi
Isixhumi esibonakalayo sokufakwayo kwe-analogi sibhekisela kusixhumi esibonakalayo esingamukela amanani ashintshayo ngokuqhubekayo futhi awaguqule abe amasignali angacutshungulwa. Lawa manani aphathekayo, okuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi nezinga lokugeleza, ngokuvamile azwakala yizinzwa ezihambisanayo, aguqulelwe abe amasignali kagesi ngabaguquli, futhi athunyelwe embobeni yokufaka ye-analog yesilawuli. Ngokusebenzisa amasampula afanele kanye namasu okulinganisa, isixhumi esibonakalayo se-analog singathwebula ngokunembile futhi siguqule izinguquko zesignali encane, ngaleyo ndlela kuzuze ukunemba okuphezulu.
Ekusetshenzisweni kwethebulethi egibele emotweni, isixhumi esibonakalayo se-analog singasetshenziselwa ukwamukela amasignali e-analog kusuka kuzinzwa zemoto (njengenzwa yezinga lokushisa, inzwa yokucindezela, njll.), ukuze kuqashelwe ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nokuhlonzwa kwephutha kwesimo semoto.
· RJ45
I-interface ye-RJ45 iyisixhumi esibonakalayo sokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi, esisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amakhompyutha, amaswishi, amarutha, amamodemu namanye amadivaysi kunethiwekhi yendawo (LAN) noma inethiwekhi yendawo ebanzi (WAN). Inezikhonkwane eziyisishiyagalombili, phakathi kwazo i-1 ne-2 ezisetshenziselwa ukuthumela amasignali ahlukene, futhi i-3 ne-6 isetshenziselwa ukwamukela amasignali ahlukene ngokulandelanayo, ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokulwa nokuphazamiseka kokudluliswa kwesignali. Izikhonkwane 4, 5, 7 kanye no-8 zisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukubeka phansi kanye nokuvikela, ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokudluliswa kwesignali.
Ngesixhumi esibonakalayo se-RJ45, ithebhulethi egibele emotweni ingadlulisela idatha namanye amadivaysi enethiwekhi (njengamarutha, amaswishi, njll.) ngesivinini esikhulu nangokuzinza, ehlangabezana nezidingo zokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi nokuzijabulisa kwe-multimedia.
RS485
I-RS485 interface iyisixhumi esibonakalayo sokuxhumana se-half-duplex, esisetshenziselwa ezishintshayo zezimboni nokuxhumana kwedatha. Yamukela imodi yokudlulisa isignali ehlukile, ukuthumela nokwamukela idatha ngemigqa yesignali (A no-B). Inekhono eliqinile lokulwa nokuphazamiseka futhi ingamelana ngempumelelo nokuphazamiseka kazibuthe, ukuphazamiseka komsindo namasiginali wokuphazamiseka endaweni. Ibanga lokudluliswa kwe-RS485 lingafinyelela ku-1200m ngaphandle kokuphinda, okuyenza ivelele ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukudluliswa kwedatha ebangeni elide. Inani eliphezulu lamadivayisi ibhasi le-RS485 elingaxhunywa kuwo lingama-32. Sekela amadivaysi amaningi ukuxhumana ebhasini elifanayo, elilungele ukuphathwa nokulawula okumaphakathi. I-RS485 isekela ukudluliswa kwedatha ngesivinini esikhulu, futhi izinga ngokuvamile lingafika ku-10Mbps.
RS422
I-RS422 interface iyisixhumi esibonakalayo sokuxhumana se-serial esiyiduplex esigcwele, esivumela ukuthumela nokwamukela idatha ngesikhathi esifanayo. Imodi yokudlulisa isignali ehlukile iyamukelwa, imigqa yesignali emibili (Y, Z) isetshenziselwa ukudlulisela futhi imigqa yesignali emibili (A, B) isetshenziselwa ukwamukela, engamelana ngempumelelo nokuphazamiseka kukazibuthe kanye nokuphazanyiswa kwe-loop yomhlaba futhi ithuthukise kakhulu ukuzinza nokuthembeka. yokudluliswa kwedatha. Ibanga lokudlulisela le-interface ye-RS422 lide, elingafinyelela kumamitha angu-1200, futhi lingakwazi ukuxhuma kumadivayisi angu-10. Futhi ukudluliswa kwedatha yesivinini esikhulu ngesilinganiso sokudlulisela esingu-10 Mbps kungenziwa.
RS232
I-RS232 interface iyisixhumi esibonakalayo esijwayelekile sokuxhumana kwe-serial phakathi kwamadivayisi, ikakhulukazi asetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izisetshenziswa zetheminali yedatha (DTE) kanye nemishini yokuxhumana ngedatha (DCE) ukuze kuqhamuke ukuxhumana, futhi yaziwa ngobulula bayo nokuhambisana okubanzi. Kodwa-ke, ibanga elikhulu lokudlulisela licishe libe ngamamitha ayi-15, futhi izinga lokudlulisela liphansi uma kuqhathaniswa. Izinga eliphezulu lokudlulisela livamise ukuba ngu-20Kbps.
Ngokuvamile, i-RS485, RS422 kanye ne-RS232 zonke zingamazinga okuxhumana ochungechunge, kodwa izici zawo nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza zihlukile. Ngamafuphi, isixhumi esibonakalayo se-RS232 silungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingadingi ukudluliswa kwedatha esheshayo ekude, futhi sinokuhambisana okuhle nezinye izinto zokusebenza namasistimu amadala. Uma kudingekile ukudlulisa idatha kuzo zombili izinkomba ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi inombolo yamadivayisi axhunyiwe ingaphansi kuka-10, i-RS422 ingase ibe ukukhetha okungcono. Uma amadivayisi angaphezu kwe-10 adinga ukuxhunywa noma kudingeka izinga lokudlulisela ngokushesha, i-RS485 ingase ifaneleke kakhulu.
· I-GPIO
I-GPIO isethi yezikhonkwane, ezingacushwa kumodi yokufaka noma imodi yokuphumayo. Uma iphinikhodi ye-GPIO ikumodi yokufaka, ingathola amasignali avela kuzinzwa (ezifana nezinga lokushisa, umswakama, ukukhanya, njll.), futhi iguqule lawa masignali abe amasignali edijithali okucubungula ithebhulethi. Uma iphinikhodi ye-GPIO ikumodi yokuphumayo, ingathumela amasiginali okulawula kuma-actuator (njengamamotho namalambu e-LED) ukuze kuzuzwe izilawuli ezinembile. Isixhumi esibonakalayo se-GPIO singasetshenziswa futhi njengesixhumi esibonakalayo sesendlalelo sezinye izivumelwano zokuxhumana (ezifana ne-I2C, i-SPI, njll.), kanye nemisebenzi yokuxhumana eyinkimbinkimbi ingenziwa ngokusebenzisa izifunda ezinwetshiwe.
I-3Rtablet, njengomphakeli onolwazi lweminyaka engu-18 ekukhiqizeni nokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo amaphilisi agibele emotweni, iye yaqashelwa ozakwethu bomhlaba wonke ngezinsizakalo zayo eziphelele ezenziwe ngokwezifiso nosekelo lobuchwepheshe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isetshenziswa kwezolimo, izimayini, ukuphathwa kwemikhumbi noma i-forklift, imikhiqizo yethu ibonisa ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu, ukuguquguquka nokuqina. Lezi zixhumanisi zesandiso ezishiwo ngenhla (CANBus, RS232, njll.) zenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo emikhiqizweni yethu. Uma uhlela ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwakho komsebenzi futhi uthuthukise okukhiphayo ngamandla ethebhulethi, ungangabazi ukusithinta ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nomkhiqizo nesixazululo!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-28-2024
