Kungumbono ojwayelekile wokuthi amaphilisi akhutshwe ngemoto anezindawo ezinamazwe amaningi aqashiwe ezimbonini eziningi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokuthola eminye imisebenzi ethile. Ungakwenza kanjani ukuqiniseka ukuthi amaphilisi anezindawo zokuxhumana ezihambisanayo namadivayisi axhunyiwe futhi ahlangabezana nekhono izidingo ezithile zesicelo seziye zaba ukukhathazeka kwabathengi. Le ndatshana izokwethula izingxenye eziningi ezengeziwe zethebhulethi ezikhuliswe ngemoto zikusize uqonde kangcono izici zabo bese ukhetha isisombululo esihle kakhulu.
·Ukhotha
I-Canbus interface iyisibonisi sokuxhumana esisuselwa kubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi yendawo yokulawula, esetshenziselwa ukuxhumanisa iyunithi ehlukahlukene ye-elekthronikhi (ECU) ezimotweni futhi ibone ukushintshana kwedatha kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwabo.
Ngokusebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi se-canbus, ithebhulethi ebekwe emotweni ingaxhunywa kwinethiwekhi ingakwazi ukuthola imininingwane yesimo semoto (njengejubane lemoto, isivinini se-ntambed, indawo ye-throttle, njll.) Futhi ibanikeze abashayeli ngesikhathi sangempela. Ithebhulethi efakwe emotweni ingathumela nemiyalo yokulawula ohlelweni lwemoto ngokusebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi se-canbus ukubona imisebenzi yokulawula ehlakaniphile, njengokupaka okuzenzakalelayo nokulawula okukude. Kuyaqapheleka lokho ngaphambi kokuxhuma interface ye-canbus, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana phakathi kwesimo esibonakalayo nemoto kungakwazi ukugwema ukwehluleka ukuxhumana noma ukulahleka kwedatha.
· J1939
Isikhombimsebenzisi se-J1939 i-protocol esezingeni eliphakeme ngokususelwa kunethiwekhi yendawo yokulawula, esetshenziswa kabanzi ekuxhumaneni kwedatha kwe-serial phakathi kweyunithi yokulawula ngogesi (ECU) ezimotweni ezisindayo. Le protocol inikeza isikhombimsebenzisi esilinganiselwe sokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi yezimoto ezisindayo, eziwusizo ekuhlanganyeleni phakathi kwe-ECU yabakhiqizi abahlukahlukene. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuningi, ukuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi okuyisivinini esilinganiselwe kususelwa ku-can ye-can kuhlinzekelwe inzwa ngayinye, i-actuator kanye nesilawuli semoto, nokwabelana ngedatha ephezulu kuyatholakala. Sekela amapharamitha achazwe ngumsebenzisi nemiyalezo, elungele ukuthuthukiswa nokwenza ngokwezifiso ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile ezihlukile.
· OBD-II
I-OBD-II (On-Board Diagnostics II) I-interface iyisibonisi esijwayelekile sohlelo lwesibili lwesizukulwane esisesikhungweni sesibili, okuvumela ukubheka kabusha uhlelo olusebenzayo kanye nokuphawula imininingwane ebalulekile yemoto, futhi inikeze imininingwane ebalulekile yabasebenzi bezimoto nabasebenzi bezokugcina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo se-OBD-II singasebenza futhi ukuthi sihlole ukuze kuhlolwe isimo sokusebenza kwezimoto, kufaka phakathi umnotho, ukuphuma, njll., Ukusiza abanikazi bezogcina izimoto zabo.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ithuluzi lokuskena le-OBD-II ukuthola ukuthi lihlole isimo semoto, kufanele liqinisekiswe ukuthi injini yemoto ayiqaliwe. Bese ufaka ipulaki ithuluzi lokuthwebula esibonakalayo esibonakalayo se-OBD-II esikhonjwe engxenyeni engezansi yemoto yemoto, bese uqala ithuluzi lokuhlonza.
Ukufakwa kwe-Analog
Isixhumi esibonakalayo se-Ananolog sibhekisele esibonakalayo esingathola ngokuqhubekayo ukuguqula ubungako bomzimba bese uziguqula zibe amasiginali angacutshungulwa. Lezi zilinganiso ezibonakalayo, kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi kanye nezinga lokugeleza, zivame ukubonwa yizinzwa ezihambisanayo, ziguqulwe zibe yizimpawu zikagesi ngabaguquli, bese zithunyelwe ku-analog yokufaka ithembo lesilawuli. Ngamasu afanelekile wesampula kanye nama-aughinization, isikhombimsebenzisi sokufaka se-analog singabamba ngokunembile futhi siguqule izinguquko ezincane zesiginali, ngaleyo ndlela zithole ukunemba okuphezulu.
Ekusetshenzisweni kwethebhulethi ebekwe emotweni, isikhombimsebenzisi sokufaka se-analog singasetshenziswa ukuthola amasiginali we-analog kusuka ezinsizeni zezimoto (njenge-sensor yokushisa, inzwa yengsuli, ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nesimo semoto.
· RJ45
I-Interface ye-RJ45 iyi-interface yokuxhumana yenethiwekhi, esetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amakhompyutha, ukushintshwa, ama-routers, amamodeli namanye amadivaysi enethiwekhi yendawo yendawo (i-WAN) noma inethiwekhi yendawo ebanzi (i-Wan). Inezikhonkwane eziyisishiyagalombili, phakathi kwazo 1 no-2 zisetshenziselwa ukuthumela amasiginali ahlukile, futhi ama-3 no-6 asetshenziselwa ukuthola amasiginali ahlukile ngokulandelana, ukuthuthukisa amandla okulwa nokuphazamiseka kokudluliselwa kwesiginali. Izikhonkwane 4, 5, 7 no-8 zisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukubekwa phansi nokuvikelwa, kuqinisekiswe ukuqina kokudluliselwa kwesiginali.
Ngokusebenzisa isikhombimsebenzisi se-RJ45, ithebhulethi ebekwe emotweni ingadlulisela idatha namanye amadivaysi enethiwekhi (afana nama-router, ukushintshwa, njll.) Ngejubane eliphezulu futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukubhekana nezidingo zokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi kanye ne-multimedia Entertainment.
· Rs485
I-Interface ye-RS485 iyi-Half-duplex yokuxhumana serial yokuxhumana, esetshenziselwa ezenzakalelayo zezimboni kanye nokuxhumana kwedatha. Ikwamukela imodi yokuhambisa ehlukile yesiginali, ukuthumela nokwamukela idatha ngokusebenzisa imigqa yesiginali (A no-B). Inekhono eliqinile lokulwa nokuphazamiseka futhi lingamelana ngempumelelo ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic, ukuphazanyiswa komsindo nokuphazanyiswa kwezimpawu emvelweni. Ibanga lokuhambisa le-RS485 lingafinyelela ku-1200m ngaphandle kokuphindaphinda, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu kuzicelo ezidinga ukuhanjiswa kwedatha yebanga elide. Inani eliphakeme lamadivayisi i-RS485 ibhasi elingaxhunyaniswa ngu-32. Sekela amadivayisi amaningi ukuxhumana ngebhasi elifanayo, elilungele ukuphathwa okuphakathi nokulawulwa. I-RS485 isekela ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ephezulu kakhulu, kanti izinga livame ukufika ku-10mbps.
· Rs422
I-Interface ye-RS422 iyisibonisi esigcwele sokuxhumana se-serial, esivumela ukuthumela nokwamukela idatha ngasikhathi sinye. Imodi yokuhambisa ehlukile yesiginali yamukelwa, imigqa emibili yesiginali (Y, Z) isetshenziselwa ukuhambisa kanye nemigqa yesiginali emibili (a, b) isetshenziselwa ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnete kanye nokuphazanyiswa kakhulu nokuvuselelwa kokudluliswa kwedatha. Ibanga lokuhambisa le-Interface le-RS422 lide, elingafinyelela amamitha ayi-1200, futhi lingaxhuma kumadivayisi ayi-10. Futhi ukuhanjiswa kwedatha ephezulu kakhulu ngenani lokuhambisa le-10 MBP kutholakale.
· Rs232
I-Interface ye-RS232 iyi-interface ejwayelekile yokuxhumana nge-serial phakathi kwamadivayisi, ikakhulukazi asetshenziselwa ukuxhuma imishini yedatha yokugcina (i-DTE) kanye nemishini yokuxhumana yedatha (i-DCE) yokuqaphela ukuxhumana, futhi yaziwa ngokulula nokuhambisana kwayo. Kodwa-ke, ibanga lokuhambisa le-Maximun lingamamitha ayi-15, futhi izinga lokudlulisa liphansi. Izinga eliphakeme lokuhambisa livame ukuvama ama-20kbps.
Ngokuvamile, ama-Rs485, ama-Rs422 nama-RS232 wonke amazinga wokuxhumana we-serial wokuxhumana, kepha izimo zabo kanye nezimo zabo zezicelo zihlukile. Ngamafuphi, isikhombimsebenzisi se-RS232 silungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingadingi ukuhanjiswa kwedatha okusheshayo okude, futhi kunokuvumelana okuhle nemishini ethile yakudala nezinhlelo. Lapho kunesidingo sokudlulisa idatha kuzo zombili izinkomba ngasikhathi sinye futhi inani lamadivayisi axhunyiwe lingaphansi kwe-10, ama-Rs422 angaba ukukhetha okungcono. Uma amadivaysi angaphezu kwe-10 adinga ukuxhunywa noma kudingeka izinga lokudlulisa ngokushesha, i-RS485 ingahle ibe yinto ehle kakhulu.
· Pupio
I-GPIO iqoqo lezikhonkwane, ezingalungiswa kwimodi yokufaka noma kwimodi yokukhipha. Lapho iphinikhodi ye-GPIO ikumodi yokufaka, ingathola amasiginali avela ezinzwa (njengokushisa, umswakama, ukukhanyisa, bese uguqula la masiginali abe yizimpawu zedijithali zokucutshungulwa kwethebhulethi. Lapho iPhiku lama-GPIO likumodi yokuphuma, lingathumela amasiginali okulawula kubasebenzi (njengama-motors namalambu aholwa) ukuze afinyelele izilawuli eziqondile. Isikhombimsebenzisi se-GPIO singasetshenziswa futhi njengesixhumi sesendlalelo somzimba sezinye izivumelwano zokuxhumana (ezifana ne-I2C, SPI, njll.
I-3Rablet, njengomphakeli onesipiliyoni seminyaka engu-18 ekwenziweni nasekwenzeni ngokwezifiso amaphilisi afakwe emotweni, aqashelwa ngabalingani bomhlaba wonke ngezinsizakalo zalo ezibanzi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kanye nokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe. Noma ngabe isetshenziswa kwezolimo, izimayini, ukuphathwa kwemikhumbi noma i-forklift, imikhiqizo yethu ikhombisa ukusebenza okuhle, ukuguquguquka nokuqina. Lezi zinhlaka zesandiso ezishiwo ngenhla (i-canbus, ama-Rs232, njll.) Ziyathandeka emikhiqizweni yethu. Uma uhlela ukwandisa ukuhamba kwakho komsebenzi futhi uthuthukise umphumela ngamandla wethebhulethi, unganqikazi ukuxhumana nathi ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngomkhiqizo nesixazululo!
Isikhathi Sokuthumela: Sep-28-2024
