Kuyinto evamile ukuthi amaphilisi aqinile afakwe emotweni anezixhumi ezinde asetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokufeza imisebenzi ethile ethile. Indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi amaphilisi anezixhumi ezihambisanayo namadivayisi axhunyiwe futhi ahlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza isibe yinto ekhathaza abathengi. Lesi sihloko sizokwethula izixhumi eziningana ezivamile ezinde zethebhulethi eqinile efakwe emotweni ukuze sikusize uqonde kangcono izici zazo futhi ukhethe ikhambi elifanele kakhulu.
·I-CANBus
I-interface ye-CANBus iyi-interface yokuxhumana esekelwe kubuchwepheshe benethiwekhi yendawo yokulawula, esetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amayunithi ahlukahlukene okulawula kagesi (i-ECU) ezimotweni nokwenza ukushintshaniswa kwedatha nokuxhumana phakathi kwazo.
Ngokusebenzisa i-interface ye-CANBus, ithebhulethi efakwe emotweni ingaxhunywa kunethiwekhi ye-CAN yemoto ukuthola ulwazi lwesimo semoto (njengejubane lemoto, ijubane lenjini, indawo yokujikijela, njll.) futhi inikeze abashayeli ngesikhathi sangempela. Ithebhulethi efakwe emotweni ingathumela nemiyalelo yokulawula ohlelweni lwemoto ngokusebenzisa i-interface ye-CANBus ukuze kufezwe imisebenzi yokulawula ehlakaniphile, njengokupaka okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokulawula okude. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngaphambi kokuxhuma i-interface ye-CANBus, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana phakathi kwe-interface kanye nenethiwekhi ye-CAN yemoto ukuze kugwenywe ukwehluleka kokuxhumana noma ukulahleka kwedatha.
· J1939
I-interface ye-J1939 iyiphrothokholi esezingeni eliphezulu esekelwe ku-Controller Area Network, esetshenziswa kabanzi ekuxhumaneni kwedatha elandelanayo phakathi kweyunithi yokulawula kagesi (i-ECU) ezimotweni ezisindayo. Le phrothokholi inikeza i-interface ejwayelekile yokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi yezimoto ezisindayo, okuwusizo ekusebenzisaneni phakathi kwe-ECU yabakhiqizi abahlukene. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-multiplexing, uxhumano lwenethiwekhi olusheshayo olujwayelekile olusekelwe kubhasi le-CAN lunikezwa inzwa ngayinye, i-actuator kanye nesilawuli semoto, futhi ukwabelana kwedatha ngesivinini esikhulu kuyatholakala. Sekela amapharamitha nemiyalezo echazwe ngumsebenzisi, okulula ukuthuthukiswa nokwenza ngezifiso ngokwezidingo ezithile ezahlukene.
· I-OBD-II
I-interface ye-OBD-II (On-Board Diagnostics II) iyi-interface ejwayelekile yesistimu yokuxilonga yesizukulwane sesibili ebhodini, evumela amadivayisi angaphandle (njengezinsimbi zokuxilonga) ukuxhumana nohlelo lwekhompyutha yemoto ngendlela ejwayelekile, ukuze kuqashwe futhi kunikezwe ulwazi lwesimo sokusebenza kanye nephutha lemoto, futhi kuhlinzekwe ngolwazi olubalulekile lokubhekisela kubanikazi bezimoto kanye nabasebenzi bokulungisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-interface ye-OBD-II ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuhlola isimo sokusebenza kwezimoto, okuhlanganisa ukonga uphethiloli, ukukhishwa kwegesi, njll., ukusiza abanikazi balondoloze izimoto zabo.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ithuluzi lokuskena le-OBD-II ukuxilonga isimo semoto, kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi injini yemoto ayiqaliswanga. Bese ufaka ipulaki lethuluzi lokuskena esibonakalayo se-OBD-II esitholakala engxenyeni engezansi yekhabhini yemoto, bese uqala ithuluzi lokusebenza kokuxilonga.
· Okokufaka kwe-Analog
Isixhumi sokufaka se-analog sibhekisela kusixhumi esikwazi ukuthola amanani angokwenyama ashintsha njalo futhi siwaguqule abe amasignali angacutshungulwa. Lawa manani angokwenyama, okuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi kanye nesivinini sokugeleza, ngokuvamile azwakala yizinzwa ezihambisanayo, aguqulwe abe amasignali kagesi ngabaguquli, futhi athunyelwe echwebeni lokufaka le-analog lomlawuli. Ngokusebenzisa amasu afanele okuthatha amasampula kanye nokulinganisa, isixhumi sokufaka se-analog singabamba futhi siguqule ngokunembile izinguquko ezincane zesignali, ngaleyo ndlela sifinyelele ukunemba okuphezulu.
Ekusetshenzisweni kwethebhulethi efakwe emotweni, isikhombimsebenzisi sokufaka i-analog singasetshenziswa ukwamukela amasignali e-analog avela kuzinzwa zemoto (njengenzwa yokushisa, inzwa yokucindezela, njll.), ukuze kuqashelwe ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokuxilongwa kwamaphutha esimo semoto.
· RJ45
I-interface ye-RJ45 iyi-interface yokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi, esetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amakhompyutha, amaswishi, ama-router, ama-modem namanye amadivayisi kunethiwekhi yendawo (i-LAN) noma inethiwekhi yendawo ebanzi (i-WAN). Inamaphini ayisishiyagalombili, phakathi kwawo u-1 no-2 asetshenziselwa ukuthumela amasignali okuhlukanisa, kanti u-3 no-6 asetshenziselwa ukwamukela amasignali okuhlukanisa ngokulandelana, ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokulwa nokuphazamiseka kokudluliselwa kwesignali. Amaphini 4, 5, 7 no-8 asetshenziswa kakhulu ekusekelweni nasekuvikeleni, ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kokudluliselwa kwesignali.
Ngokusebenzisa isikhombikubona se-RJ45, ithebhulethi efakwe emotweni ingadlulisela idatha namanye amadivayisi enethiwekhi (njenge-router, amaswishi, njll.) ngesivinini esikhulu nangokuzinzile, ihlangabezana nezidingo zokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi kanye nokuzijabulisa kwe-multimedia.
· I-RS485
I-interface ye-RS485 iyi-interface yokuxhumana elandelanayo eyingxenye ye-duplex, esetshenziselwa ukuzenzakalela kwezimboni kanye nokuxhumana kwedatha. Isebenzisa imodi yokudlulisa isignali ehlukile, ukuthumela nokwamukela idatha ngemigqa emibili yesignali (A no-B). Inekhono eliqinile lokulwa nokuphazamiseka futhi ingamelana ngempumelelo nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic, ukuphazamiseka komsindo kanye nezibonakaliso zokuphazamiseka emvelweni. Ibanga lokudlulisa le-RS485 lingafinyelela ku-1200m ngaphandle kwe-repeater, okwenza ivelele ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezidinga ukudluliselwa kwedatha ebangeni elide. Inani eliphezulu lamadivayisi ibhasi le-RS485 elingaxhunywa lingama-32. Sekela amadivayisi amaningi ukuxhumana ebhasini elifanayo, okulula ukuphathwa nokulawulwa okuphakathi. I-RS485 isekela ukudluliselwa kwedatha ngesivinini esikhulu, futhi izinga ngokuvamile lingafika ku-10Mbps.
· I-RS422
I-interface ye-RS422 iyi-interface yokuxhumana elandelanayo egcwele kabili, evumela ukuthumela nokwamukela idatha ngesikhathi esisodwa. Imodi yokudlulisa isignali ehlukile iyasetshenziswa, imigqa emibili yesignali (Y, Z) isetshenziselwa ukudlulisa kanye nemigqa emibili yesignali (A, B) isetshenziselwa ukwamukela, engamelana ngempumelelo nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-ground loop futhi ithuthukise kakhulu ukuzinza nokuthembeka kokudluliselwa kwedatha. Ibanga lokudlulisela le-interface ye-RS422 lide, elingafinyelela amamitha angu-1200, futhi lingaxhuma amadivayisi afinyelela ku-10. Futhi ukudluliselwa kwedatha okusheshayo ngesivinini sokudlulisa esingu-10 Mbps kungabonakala.
· RS232
I-interface ye-RS232 iyi-interface ejwayelekile yokuxhumana okulandelanayo phakathi kwamadivayisi, esetshenziswa kakhulu ukuxhuma imishini ye-data terminal (DTE) kanye nemishini yokuxhumana kwedatha (DCE) ukuze kufezwe ukuxhumana, futhi yaziwa ngokulula kwayo kanye nokuhambisana kwayo okubanzi. Kodwa-ke, ibanga lokudlulisa eliphezulu lingamamitha ayi-15, kanti izinga lokudlulisa liphansi kakhulu. Izinga lokudlulisa eliphezulu livame ukuba ngu-20Kbps.
Ngokuvamile, i-RS485, i-RS422 kanye ne-RS232 zonke ziyizindinganiso zesixhumi sokuxhumana esilandelanayo, kodwa izici zazo kanye nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza zihlukile. Ngamafuphi, isixhumi sokuxhumana se-RS232 sifanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingadingi ukudluliswa kwedatha okusheshayo ebangeni elide, futhi sinokuhambisana okuhle nemishini nezinhlelo ezindala. Uma kudingeka ukudlulisa idatha kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi inani lamadivayisi axhunyiwe lingaphansi kuka-10, i-RS422 ingaba yisinqumo esingcono. Uma kudingeka kuxhunywe amadivayisi angaphezu kuka-10 noma kudingeka izinga lokudlulisa elisheshayo, i-RS485 ingaba ngcono kakhulu.
· I-GPIO
I-GPIO iyisethi yamaphini, angalungiswa ngemodi yokufaka noma ngemodi yokukhipha. Uma iphini ye-GPIO ikwimodi yokufaka, ingathola amasignali avela kuzinzwa (njengokushisa, umswakama, ukukhanya, njll.), futhi iguqule la masignali abe amasignali edijithali ukuze kucutshungulwe ithebhulethi. Uma iphini ye-GPIO ikwimodi yokukhipha, ingathumela amasignali okulawula kuma-actuator (njengezinjini nezibani ze-LED) ukuze kufezwe izilawuli eziqondile. I-interface ye-GPIO ingasetshenziswa futhi njengesixhumi esibonakalayo sezendlalelo zomzimba zezinye izinqubo zokuxhumana (njenge-I2C, i-SPI, njll.), futhi imisebenzi yokuxhumana eyinkimbinkimbi ingabonakala ngokusebenzisa amasekethe anwetshiwe.
I-3Rtablet, njengomhlinzeki onolwazi lweminyaka eyi-18 ekukhiqizeni nasekulungiseni amaphilisi afakwe ezimotweni, iye yaqashelwa ozakwethu bomhlaba wonke ngezinsizakalo zayo eziphelele ezenziwe ngokwezifiso kanye nokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isetshenziswa kwezolimo, ezimayini, ekuphathweni kwemikhumbi noma e-forklift, imikhiqizo yethu ikhombisa ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu, ukuguquguquka kanye nokuqina. Lezi zixhumanisi zokwandisa okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla (CANBus, RS232, njll.) zingenziwa ngezifiso emikhiqizweni yethu. Uma uhlela ukwenza ngcono ukuhamba komsebenzi wakho futhi uthuthukise umkhiqizo ngamandla ethebhulethi, ungangabazi ukuxhumana nathi ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngomkhiqizo kanye nesixazululo!
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-28-2024
